Improvement in machines for shaping and cutting gear-cutters



N.PETERS, PHOTov-LITMOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON, n. C.

i jfrnANo-Isfn; mutuos, uuufrronn, coNNEoTicUnnssIcNon To' THE`ruiteravvurrnnroournrnr,or SAME PLAGE.

f Letters Patent musste, dated March 7,1871.

` QIMPRVEMENT IN MACHINES-Fon SHAPING AND cuTTlNe GEAR-corrales.

` ""'ihe Schedule referred `to in these Letters'Patent and making `part:of the same.

` `1 i In my apparatus Iuseou f resenting the 4nuinlpe'r `of teeth inthe wheel that the cutters are designed to cut. I make the formers ot"large dimensions, therebyinsuring greater accuracy, -andreducing thesizes `or pitch of the cutters by means i To all (whom it muy concer/n1l "city and-county of Hartford and State of Connecticut,

have invented certain new` and useful Improvements inShaping andCuttingGearfG utters for Guttin g (t-earsA Teeth; and to' enableothers-skilled in the art 'to-make and use theV same I willfproceed todescribe, referring Ftothe drawing, in-i whichthe same -letters indicatelike parts in reach `or" thel iigures.

@The nature of this invention consists in the 'arrangement ot'a machine,infconnectionwith temple'ts,

tools,'and gauges, whereby-Iain enabled to produce more perfect rcutters lforcutting the teeth of Wheels or gars,and` in much lesstimeand at `less expense thanhas hitherto been done. Heretofore it has beenfound to4 be a `verygiiiiicult. part of machine building jto producegood workingfgearingin consequence of thedifiicultyinproducing"properly-shaped cutters, it -being ,necessary to makea'templetand shapingtool for each cutter, which is done 'with i great diiiculty,es-

peci'allyontheineiwpitches.` i

ly one set of-formers, repof a movablefulcrurnupon the actuating-lever,which `is graduated upon its linelof traverse `to suit the differentpitches. ,It `will be `readily seen that, instead of "a large number oftemplets, some of tlie'nti being very smal and dicult to make,.I can bymy system pro- ,duceacutter for any number of teeth or of lanyrequiredpitch with agreat degree of accuracy. i `I ain alsoenabled to cut theteeth upon the cutter,

with myapparatus, with dispatch.

. d `This uiachineroperates; upon the same principle as `the pantagraph,`one end ofthe lever bearingagainst the `edge of `the former, guide, ortemplet o, and the r other endbeing attachedto the tool-rest, and movesf `said tool-rest in` exactly'the-same track, and describes ac urvevlike the former `or templet on theothe'r end of `the lever. l

[v '.In the,` differ-ent pitches or grades of cutters the same templetis;used, (using the teinplet representing the numberof teeth the cutteris'desired to cut,).and

inakingfthe different' pitches` by changing the fulcrnml `of the'1ever.`Thus it will `be seen that inA moving the .-fu'lcruin up nearer to thetool-'post 4the `upper end of `the lever is `sbo'rtenedgand that thesame curve or shape will be `traced; onlyit will be diminished in size.1t`\vill be also seen that,"in forming cutters of dif- `ferent`pitc'hes,\diferent sizes of tools ,must be used corresponding with the`diierentl pitches, as, for instance,`the former-s represent No. 1(diameter pitch) `and the Yfollower-pin is one inch; consequently thetool `to be used forformingacutter one to the inch must be one inch indiameter or one-half inch radius on the cutting-point; and for a cuttertwo to the inch a half'- inch tool must be used; for four teethtotheinch a one-fourth inch tool at the cutting-point; the tool in allcases being proportiouedto the pitch of the cutter to be made; and inpractice it is found that the proper shapes are obtained of thedid'ereut pitches, and that.,

whateverthe pitch may be,theY gearing: will run accurately;4 f y Y Y l1t .has also been quite diicult to obtain readily the properthickness ofcutter at the pitch-line. I provide close gauges W, representing the di(ferent pitches of teeth. After one side of thecutter has been formedthe other side isthen turned nntjlthe gauge just iills at its points ofcontact at pitch-.line and top of cutter, as shown in dg. 6.

In the accompanying drawing,

sheets 1 and 2, i's

sh ownmy machine for forming and cutting the cutter.

In sheet 1 v Figure l is a side sectional elevation. Figure 2 is a sideand end view of' .the apparatus for cutting the cutter, detached fromthe machine.v

Sheet 2- Figurel is an end elevation. Figures 2 and`3 are detachedportions of the machine.`

i v Figure 4 is a partial section of the frame-Work and head-stock ofthe machine, showing how the sliding bar is ttedto slide back and forthbetween the under side of the head-stock and the upper side 0f. the

vfxame-Worhthe Working mechanism being secured to thefront end of saidsliding bar. Figures 5and .6 show a side and edge view of one of thecutters. i y

, V1iigure7 is a side view ofthe templet.

`Ais the frame-Work of the machine. B is the head-stock, having aspindle, C, fitted in boxes in the commonway. This spindle is provided'With'a socket to receive and hold a mandrel, upon the outer end'of whichis secured the blank 'to be formed into a cutter.- 4

[D is a sliding stock or bar, tted into'a chambered recess between theunder side of the head-stock and the upper side ofthe frame-Work.

Tov the outer end of this stock D, and at right angle therewith, issecured a cross-head E-the'upper edge andthe lower edge of thiscross-head parallel, and beveled o n an angle with its face.l This stockis operated back and `forth by means ofv a screw-spindle, F.

Gis `a tool-stock yframe-work, tted and secured upon the cross-head E inthe common way of fitting lathe-Work, so as to fit closely and slidefreely back and forth thereon. This' tool-stock G is operated back andiorth"on the cross-head E bynmeans of a screw-spindle, E. u

H is a tool-holder, having a two-way movement, the joint tittings ofwhichare made in the usual way, one movement of which is to and from theface ofthe machine, and the other at right angle with the irst movementor parallel with the face of the machine, one ot' which is operated backand forth by the screw I. These slides depend entirely upon the formelortemplets O for their lnovenicnt.

' J is the cutting-tool, arranged and secured in the connnon way to theupper side of the holder H..

K is an actuating-lever, the upper end ot' which -is secured iu aswivel-joint, M, on the tool-holder H. This actuating-level' is fittedclosely' and works freely upou its fulcrum, the universal joint L beingits fulcruin. 'lhis universal joint is titted so as to move up and downupon the face ofthe frame-stock G, and is secured in the desiredposition thereon lby screws a..

Upon the face or edge ofthe stock G I forma scale for accurately placingthe universal joint at any desired point, to produce, by theactionof'the lever K and pattern or templets O, the desh'ed pitch orsize of the cutter.

At the lower end of the stock G, and extending forward at a right angletherewith', is formed abracket, N, on which is provided steps N. Uponthese steps v the templet-s O are secured, the templet `or pattern edge'ot' which is arranged and secured in a true position relativeto theactuating-lever K.

The cutter-blank P is secured to thev outer end of the spindle 1?.

The tool J is first secured in its stock andthen adjnsted to thecutting-point on the outer edge of the blank P by means ofthe screws F.Then, by the screw E, thc tool is moved forward gradually, and the toolcuts and travels in the path governed bythe action of the lever-spindleK against the templet or former O. When one side is finished then the'blank is reversed on the spindle, apd the same shape is produced ou thereversed side.

After the propel' thickness of the cutter is obtained by the use ofthegauge W, then the apparatus shown in fig. 2, sheet 1, is arranged forcutting the teeth upon the cutters. First the tool-post is removed andthe footv Q is'secured thereon, and the bracket-foot R is secured to thehead-stock at c, and is provided with a stud-pin, g, on which isarranged a friction drivingwheel, f.

connection by toothed rim or by bands and arms f so. as to transmitmotion from the wheel f on the stud.

pin g to the cutter-spindle 7i. Its construction admits of motion in alldirections. y v

v Sis a stock supported by and is apart f the foot Q, in which isarranged a spindle, h,aud the driving-wheel f'. In the lower end ot'this spindle is secured a cutter for cutting teeth in the cutter-blankP. Thus, when the power is applied to the machine, the cutter is movedforward by turning the screwfspindle I, and the cutter is guided bythe'leversspindle Kin the same manner as' when forming the shape of thecutter. The lever K is press ed against the edge ofthe former orteniplet O by a weight or by foot pressure, not necessary to show here.I

The spindleP is lirmly held in a fixed position by an index and dog, sovthat it may be turned, at intervals of forming each tooth, suliicientlyto form a tooth on the cutter successively of equal dimensions, in thecommon way. By this arrangementthe teeth of the cutter may be formed oneach side and edge Withoutremoving the cutter from the spindle P',simply by changing the templet o1' pattern O from one step, N, to theother.

'I represents different-size tools for different pitches of cutters.

I believe I have thus shown the nature, construcltion, operation, andadvantage of this invention, so as to enable others skilled` in the artto make and use the same therefrom.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1., The combination of the templet O, lever K, adjustable t'ulcrum L,sliding carriage and tool-carrier H, with the slide G, substantially asdescribed.

2. In combination with4 the subject-mattei' of the iii-st claim, theslide D E and head-stock A B, substantially as described.

3. rlhe combination of the templet O, level' K, adjustable fnlcrum L,slide G, sliding carriage H, with the stand Q and milling-tool spindleh, substantially as described.

4. In combination with the slide G, sliding carriage H, stand Q,spindle-carriage shaft il, the double-j oin ted radius bars, thepulleys, support It, and head-stock A B, substantially as described.

FRANCIS A. PRATT.

W'itnesses:

CHARLES S. BEMENT, J Emmy W. Buss;

